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After 1175 AD, rebuilding in a more solid form began, and ever since Aden became a popular city attracting sailors and merchants from [[Egypt]], [[Sindh]], [[Gujarat]], [[East Africa]] and even [[China]]. According to [[Muqaddasi]], Persians formed the majority of Aden's population in the 10th century.refref
In 1421, China's Ming dynasty [[Yongle Emperor]] ordered principal envoy grand eunuch Li Xing and grand eunuch Zhou Man of [[Zheng He]]'s fleet to convey an imperial edict with hats and robes to bestow on the king of Aden. The envoys boarded three treasure ships and [[Treasure voyages]]. This event was recorded in the book Yingyai Shenglan by [[Ma Huan]] who accompanied the imperial envoy.ref
=== British administration 1839–1967 ===
{{main|Colony of Aden}}{{see also|State of Aden}}
[[File:Aden postcard.jpg|thumb|Port of Aden (around 1910). Ships lying off Steamer Point at the entrance to the modern inner harbour.ref]]
[[File:Aden. Esplanade Road, Crater, late 1930s.jpg|thumb|Esplanade Road in the late 1930s]]
Before British administration, Aden was occupied by the [[Portuguese Empire]] between 1513–1538 and 1547–1548. It was ruled by the [[Ottoman Empire]] between 1538–1547 and 1548–1645.
In 1609 The Ascension was the first English ship to visit Aden, before sailing on to [[Mocha (port)]] during the Fourth voyage of the [[East India Company]].ref
After Ottoman rule, Aden was ruled by the [[Sultanate of Lahej]], under suzerainty of the Zaidi imams of Yemen.
Aden was at this time a small village with a population of 600 Arabs, Somalis, Jews and Indians—housed for the most part in huts of reed matting erected among ruins recalling a vanished era of wealth and prosperity. stated that it could become a major trading centre and the latter part of the British period proved him correct with Aden growing to become one of the busiest ports in the world. In 1838, under [[Muhsin bin Fadl]], Lahej ceded {{convert|194|km2}} including Aden to the [[British Empire]]. On 19 January 1839, the [[British East India Company]] landed [[Royal Marines]] at Aden to secure the territory and stop attacks by [[pirate]]s against British shipping to [[India]]. In 1850 it was declared a free trade port with the liquor, salt, arms, and opium trades developing duties as it won all the coffee trade from [[Mokha]].ref The port lies about equidistant from the [[Suez Canal]], [[Mumbai]], and [[Zanzibar]], which were all important British possessions. Aden had been an [[entrepôt]] and a way-station for seamen in the ancient world. There, supplies, particularly water, were replenished, so, in the mid-19th century, it became necessary to replenish [[coal]] and boiler water. Thus Aden acquired a coaling station at Steamer Point and Aden was to remain under British control until 1967.